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List of ContributorsEditors' Introduction-Hans Lukas Kieser and Khatchig Mouradian Section I. Late-Ottoman Coexistence: Reforms and Transformations in a Premodern Empire Section introduction Reform in the Ottoman Empire: Reform of the Ottoman Empire?-Marc Aymes The Rum in the Late Ottoman Empire-Merih Erol Armenians in a Plural-Late Ottoman Society-Varak Ketsemanian Ottoman Jews During the Last Ottoman Century-Julia P. Cohen The Muhajir: Muslim Displacement in the Last Ottoman Century-Candan Badem Intervention: Late Ottoman Environmental History: State of the Field (or State of the Swamp)-Samuel Dolbee Section II. Crises, Violence and Revolutionism Section introduction From the Ottoman to the Balkan: The Rise of the Nation-State's Modernity in Southeastern Europe-Dimitris Stamatopoulos Armed Forces under the Primacy of Politics: The Ottoman Army in the 19th Century-Elke Hartmann Sultan Abd©·ulhamid II: From Chaos to Autocracy-Edhem Eldem Varieties of Regional Mass Violence-Umit Kurt and Owen Miller New approaches to the Hamidian Massacres, 1894-1897-Jelle Verheij and Owen Miller Intervention: The gradual disappearance of slavery in the late-Ottoman Empire-Hayri G©·oksin ©·Ozkoray Section III. Nationalism, Transnational Actors, and International Relations Section introduction Genesis and Trajectory of Kurdish Nationalism towards the End of the Ottoman Empire-Metin Atmaca The Arab National Question at the End of the Ottoman Empire and its Afterlives-Seda Altug Palestine and Zionism During the Period of Abd©·ulhamid II and the Young Turks-Louis Fishman Missionaries in the Late Ottoman Empire: A 'Golden Age'?-Chantal Verdeil Intervention: Emigration from the Late Ottoman Empire: State of the Field-Nora Lessersohn Section IV. The Constitutional Era: From the Ottoman Spring to Party Dictatorship Section introduction The 1908 Young Turk Revolution: Enthusiasm and Realities-Dikran Kaligian Particularism vs. Universalism: Ottomanism and Constitutionalism During the Second Constitutional Period-Banu TurnaogluFrom parliamentarism to party-state with 'Special Organisation': The Committee of Union and Progress, 1908-1918-Erdal Kaynar Intra- and Inter-Communal Relationships in Palestine During the Last Years of Ottoman Rule, 1908-1917-Yuval Ben-Bassat Race as Culture: The Constructions of Race in the Formative Turkish Nationalism, 1911-1916-Umit Kurt and Dogan G©·urpinar Intervention: Turkish Women's History in early 20 th Century: An Overview of the Historiography-Elife Bi©ʻcer-Deveci Bibliography: Gender in Turkish HistorySection V. Wars and Genocide Section introduction The Balkan Wars, World War I, and Ottoman Society-Yigit Akin The Armenian Genocide: An Overview-Khatchig Mouradian Assyrians and Pontic Greeks: Issues of Genocide-David Gaunt Dispossession of Christians in Asia Minor, 1914-1923 -Mehmet Polatel The Anatolian Wars and commander in chief Gazi Mustafa Kemal-Ahmet Demirel Intervention: Perception and Politics of the Kizilbash-Alevi in the Late and Post-Ottoman Periods with its Ruptures and Continuities-Yal©ʻcin ©ʻCakmak Section VI. Treaties and their defining impact Section introduction Treaty of Lausanne: The Birth Certificate of Republican Turkey in a Post-Ottoman Middle East-Hans-Lukas Kieser New States, New Borders, New Issues? The Kurds, 1918-38-Jordi Tejel Emerging Turkey and the League of Nations: Nationalist Internationalism-Caroline Liebisch-G©·um©·us 'Azniv Efendi, where were you five years ago?': Nationalist Policies and the Precarious Situation of the Armenian Community in the Republic of Turkey-Ari Sekeryan Intervention: International Law and European Financial Control, 1854-1954: A Post-ColonialPerspective on Ottoman Public Debt-Ellinor Morack Section VII. The Quest for Belonging in the Post-Ottoman Space Section introduction The Afterlife of Christian Missionary Education in Turkey: Teaching Liberal Internationalism Under Kemalism-Erik Sjoberg Discarding the Ottoman and Asserting The National: Armenian Diasporic Church Architecture in 1930s Lebanon-Vah©Øe Tachjian and Joseph Rustom Writing Ottomans into Arab History: Late and Post-Ottoman Arab Historiographies of the Empire beyond the Neo-Ottomanist Trope-Aline Schlaepfer Active Remembering and 'Neo Ottomanism': Commemoration of the Great War as invented tradition in the late Ottoman Empire and in Modern Turkey, 1909-2020-Selim Deringil Political Contention and Protest Movements in the Post-Ottoman Turkey-Derya ©·Ozkaya Dead States and Living Legacies: Experiments in Self-Rule from the Republic of Mount Ararat to Northeast Syria-Amy Austin Holmes Intervention: The State of the Kurdish Question since the End of the Ottoman Empire-Cevat Dargin Intervention: The Ottoman Archive in Istanbul-Candan Badem Afterword: Historiography's history-Hamit BozarslanChronology of Late-Ottoman Political HistorySelect Biblio