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Intro -- Table of Contents -- 1 Introduction: Digital Media and the Politics of Transformation - a Dialectical and Multi-Scalar Reading -- Chapter Overview -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 Sticks and Stones, Clicks and Phones: Contextualizing the Role of Digital Media in the Politics of Transformation -- 1 'Revolutionary Moments' vs. 'Social Change' -- 2 The Global Wave of Protests: Commonalities and Complexities -- 2.1 Spread Globally: The Pre-Eminence of the Local and the National -- 2.2 Short-Term and Long-Term Causes -- 2.3 Triggered by Local Events -- 2.4 Not Spontaneous but with Historical Roots -- 2.5 The Chief Role of 'Hybrid Media/Communication Networks' -- 3 The Specific Roles of Digital Media -- 3.1 Multiple Spheres of Imaginaries and Resistance -- 3.2 Mobilizing Diverse Publics -- 3.3 Public Performance of Social Movements -- 4 Regional Differences -- 4.1 Regional Contagion Effects -- 4.2 Urban Middle Class Population -- 4.3 Digital Connectivity -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Self-Mediation Practices of Arab Anarchists -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Approaches to Defining Anarchism -- 3 Anarchism in the Arab Region -- 4 Anarchists as Diasporic Group -- 5 Interpreting Self-Mediation Practices as Technologies of a Collective, Diasporic Self -- 6 Open Letters, 'Likes', and Profile Pictures -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Power Dynamics in Online Communities: The Palestinian Case -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Expanding Bourdieu's Theory of Practice to Digital Media Fields -- 3 Digital Media, Social Movements and Communities: What Previous Research Tells Us and What Not -- 3.1 Digital Media as a Field: The Utopian vs. Dystopian Perspectives -- 3.2 Agents Newly Ordered: A Space for Community Formation -- 3.3 Struggles Ahead: Hierarchies vs. Decentralization -- 3.4 The Online Doxa: Democracy and the Freedom of Speech.

4 Palestinians and the Internet -- 5 Methodology -- 6 Network Analysis -- 7 Interviews Analysis -- 7.1 The Field according to the Agents: Collective Initiatives and Communities -- 7.2 How the Struggles Materialize: Hierarchies and Power Dynamics -- 7.3 The Online Doxa: Rules for Expressing Opinions in the Digital Field -- 8 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- 5 Political Communication Chinese Style: The Elite Network in State-Regulated Sina Weibo -- 1 Context and Research Background -- 2 Conceptual Framework -- 2.1 The Microblog Platform as a Social Field -- 2.2 Digital Capital and Elite-Grassroots Division in the Social Field -- 2.3 Digital Elites and Political Discourse -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Operationalization -- 3.2 Method -- 4 Results -- 4.1 The Elite Network of Sina Weibo -- 4.2 Agenda in the Elite Network -- 4.3 Topics Visible in the Political Agendas -- 5 Discussion -- 5.1 Fans as Capital: Gaps between the Microblog Elite and the Grassroots -- 5.2 Division and Hierarchy among Elite Agents -- 5.3 Talking about Power: Three Elite Political Discourses -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Internet-mediated Communication in Activists' Internal Networks: The Case of Iranian Women's Rights Activism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Women's Rights Activism -- 3 Online Communication Within and Across Activist Groups -- 4 Method of the Study -- 5 The Internet's Impacts on Women's Rights Activists' Internal Relations -- 5.1 Theme One: E-mail Groups Facilitate Collective Decision-Making -- 5.2 Theme Two: The Activist Websites and E-Mail Groups Stimulate Interactivity and Collaboration across the Activist Groups -- 5.3 Theme Three: The Activist Websites Foster Personal Empowerment -- 5.4 Theme Four: The Individual Women's Rights Activists' Use of SNSs Creates Internal Tensions -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References.

7 Feminist Networks in Times of Multi-layered Transformations: Perspectives from Tunisia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Shifting the Focus to Behind the Screens: ANT and Feminist Inquiries -- 3 Theoretical Approaches -- 3.1 Political Economy of Global (Digital) Media -- 3.2 ICTs and Emancipation: For Whom? An Intersectional Lens in the Study of Digital Divides -- 4 Modernity in Transformation? Tunisia as a Case Study -- 4.1 Questioning "The Modern Tunisian Woman": "Not All Women Have the Same Interests" -- 4.2 Modernity and Technology Optimism -- 5 Challenges in an International Digitalized Environment -- 5.1 Practicability of Digital Security -- 5.2 Dominance of Facebook and "Algorithmic Harms" -- 5.3 Multifaceted visibilities -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Social Movements and Social Media in a Post-Revolutionary Political Culture: Constitutional Debates in Egypt -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Actors in Deliberation: The Selected Case Studies -- 3 Theoretical Framework -- 3.1 Deliberation, Social Movements and Social media in a Transformative Context -- 3.2 Nationalist and Religious Discourses in Egypt's Radically Polarized Political Culture -- 4 Method and Sample -- 5 Polarized Online Deliberations: From "Egypt's Most Glorious Constitution" to Egypt's "Constitution of Shame" -- 5.1 Criteria of Representativeness and Diversity of the Constituent Assemblies -- 5.2 Quality of the Constitutional Deliberations: Transparency and Speed of the Drafting Process -- 5.3 Desired Outcome of the Constitutional Debates: Consensus vs. Particular Claims -- 5.4 Constitutional Debates on the Identity of the Egyptian State -- 6 The Social Movements and the Evolving Constitutional Debates -- References -- About the Authors and Editors.