Incomplete Secession after Unresolved Conflicts : Political Order and Escalation in the Post-Soviet Space / Ana Maria Albulescu

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Intro -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Themes and contributions -- Argument in brief -- Chapter overview -- Bibliography -- Part I: Contested concepts: De-facto states and the exercise of authority in the aftermath of secessionist war -- 1. From secessionist wars to incomplete secession -- Introduction -- Incomplete secession -- Norms and practices of international recognitions -- The study of unrecognised states: Towards an understanding of the conditions of incomplete secession -- Accounting for the lack of international recognition of unilateral secession: From 'frozen conflicts' to exploring the birth of de-facto states -- Accounting for the consolidation of parallel authority exercised by de-facto states: Arguments related to state-building and democratisation -- Accounting for dynamic state contestation: Arguments related to escalation in the relationship with the host state -- Limitations of existing research -- The need for conceptual innovation -- Lack of comprehension across cases of the third condition of incomplete secession -- The need for further integrated case study research with regards to elections under specific conditions of incomplete secession -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 2. Post-conflict political order: Conceptualising the exercise of authority under conditions of incomplete secession -- Introduction -- The study of political order -- Order, violence and the centrality of the state -- Political order and war to peace transitions -- Post-conflict political order under conditions of incomplete secession -- The two dimensions of political order -- The functional domains of political order -- The political arena -- The governance arena -- The security arena -- The levels of intensity of antagonism -- Mutual accommodation.

Chronic stalemate -- Acute confrontation -- Escalation and the politics of secession and counter-secession -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Part II: Political order and escalation in the post-Soviet space -- 3. Political order and escalation in the Republic of Moldova: Between accommodation of secessionist demands and stalemate with Transnistria -- Introduction -- Conditions of incomplete secession -- The emergence and consolidation of post-conflict political order -- Accommodating Transnistria's secessionist demands between 1992 and 2001 -- The Joint Control Commission and security interactions in the aftermath of ceasefire 1992-1995 -- Collaborative governance arrangements and the focus on socio-economic cooperation 1995-1999 -- Reciprocal political talks in the framework of the common state 1997-2001 -- Escalatory tendencies and the failure of mediation efforts between 2001 and 2006 -- The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the governance functional domain: From collaborative governance arrangements to competing institutions for reintegration -- The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the security functional domain: From dispute to violent crises -- The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the political functional domain: From reciprocity to rivalry -- The Kozak Memorandum -- New plans for settlement - The Yushchenko plan -- Elections, nationalism and the competing politics of secession and counter-secession -- The election of Vladimir Voronin in the Republic of Moldova: The end of accommodating Transnistria's secessionist demands -- Voronin's re-election -- Parallel electoral tests in Transnistria and the strengthening of the politics of secession -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 4. Political order and escalation in Georgia: The failure to accommodate Abkhazia's secessionist demands.

Introduction -- Conditions of incomplete secession -- The emergence and consolidation of post-conflict political order -- International mediation efforts and Georgia's policies in accommodating Abkhazia's secessionist demands between 1993 and 1997 -- The establishment of political reciprocity between elites -- Stabilisation of the security environment and the establishment of collaborative governance arrangements -- Escalatory tendencies in the period 1997-2005 -- The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the security and governance functional domains -- The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the political functional domain: from political reciprocity to political rivalry -- The Boden paper -- The rise of nationalism in Georgia -- Presidential and parliamentary elections in Abkhazia and the strengthening of the politics of secession -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 5. Political order and escalation in Georgia: From stalemate to confrontation with South Ossetia -- Introduction -- Conditions of incomplete secession -- Post-conflict political order and stabilisation efforts in the aftermath of ceasefire -- Maintaining security in the aftermath of ceasefire -- Creating structures for political reciprocity- status proposals -- Collaborative governance arrangements at formal and informal levels -- Changes in the level of antagonism in post-conflict political order: Towards chronic stalemate with South Ossetia in the period 2001-2004 -- The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the political functional domain: From political reciprocity to rivalry -- The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the governance functional domain: Towards competing governance arrangements -- The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the security functional domain.

Acute confrontation in the period 2004-2008 -- The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the security functional domains: From violent crisis to severe crisis -- The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the political functional domain: From political rivalry to hostility -- The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the governance functional domain: From competition to clashing governance arrangements -- Elections and escalation towards the level of intensity of acute confrontation -- Georgia's elections and the Rose Revolution -- Elections in South Ossetia 2004-2006 -- Escalation, and the nationalistic state-building projects of Georgia and South Ossetia -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Part III: Understanding the dynamics of post-conflict political order -- 6. Democratisation, elections and the politics of secession and counter-secession: Understanding escalation in political order -- Introduction -- Drivers of change behind escalation in political order: Between Russian leverage and the crucial role of elections in metropolitan and de-facto states -- Democratisation and war in post-conflict environments -- Democratisation and elections in the post-Soviet space -- Information gathering throughout the electoral period -- Information regarding public support and the claiming of presidential mandates -- Parallel electoral calendars: Information regarding the fragmentation of self-determination movements and their political agendas -- Multiple voting cycles: Voter fatigue and additional information regarding public support -- Legitimacy claiming towards the implementation of the politics of secession and counter-secession -- Claims to internal legitimacy, presidential mandates and the turn to nationalism -- Voronin's nationalism and the strengthening of the politics of counter-secession in Moldova.

From nationalism in Abkhazia and the strengthening of the politics of secession to parallel nationalism and state-building in Georgia and South Ossetia -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 7. External actors and the principles of the liberal international order: Addressing the crisis of the nation state -- Introduction -- Post-Cold War multilateralism and the principles of liberal international order -- International mediation in Moldova and Georgia -- Addressing the crisis of the nation state: The lack of consensus on 'engagement without recognition' -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Conclusion -- Key findings and contributions -- The need to study conditions of incomplete secession -- The need for conceptual innovation: A focus on political orders -- Implications for future research -- Policy implications -- Bibliography -- Index.