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Intro -- Translations and spellings -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Author -- List of Figures -- Chapter 1: Finland's Great Famine: Introduction -- When Was the Great Finnish Famine? -- Nineteenth-Century Finland: Geography and Rural Society -- Famine in Finland: Terminology and Euphemisms -- Chapter Overview -- References -- Bibliography -- Official Reports -- Newspapers -- Printed Secondary Sources -- Chapter 2: Famine in a Home Rule Land -- "Sivistys Is the Only Salvation"-Autonomous Finland in the Russian Empire -- "Finnishness" and Empire -- Finland's Economic Progress -- "Famine Is Foreseen": Entering the Great Hunger Years -- "Skeleton-Like People Lying among Rags". The Disaster of 1867-8 -- Conclusion -- References -- Bibliography -- National Archives of Finland -- Finnish Literature Society -- Official Reports -- Websites -- Newspapers -- Printed Secondary Sources -- Chapter 3: Emergency Nutrition: Promoting Self-Sufficiency -- Hunger Gaps and Surrogate Foods -- "How Contemporary!": The Use of Pine Bark Phloem -- Education in Lichen Bread and Mushrooms -- Panic and Patriotism: Food Propaganda, "Improvement" and the Impending Disaster -- After the Frost Night -- The Sea Doesn't Compensate -- Access to Foodstuffs -- Conclusion -- References -- Bibliography -- Finnish National Archives, Helsinki -- Hull History Centre -- UK National Archives, London -- Snellman's Correspondence -- Official Reports -- Newspapers -- Printed Secondary Sources -- Chapter 4: Domestic Charity: Nation Building in a Time of Crisis -- Internal Aid in Finland-1856-7 -- Internal Aid in Finland-1862-3 -- Self-Sufficiency and Compassion Fatigue-1866-8 -- Helsinki in 1867-8 -- Other Parts of Finland -- Conclusion -- References -- Bibliography -- Official Reports -- Newspapers -- Printed Secondary Sources -- Chapter 5: External Philanthropy 1856-1868.

Overseas Aid to Finland 1856-1868: An Overview -- Foreign Motivations for Charitable Interventions, 1856-1868 -- General Humanitarian Narratives -- Imperial Connections -- Scandinavian Connections -- Other Ethnic and Linguistic Connections -- Religious Connections -- Business Connections -- Knowledge of Finland and Personal Connections -- Overseas Aid and the Fennomane Self-Sufficiency Narrative -- Conclusion -- References -- Bibliography -- National Library of Finland, Helsinki -- National Board of Antiquities, Helsinki -- Official Reports -- Newspapers -- Printed Secondary Sources -- Chapter 6: Vagrancy and Perceptions of Crime -- Migration in Nineteenth-Century Finland -- Internal Migration and the Great Hunger Years -- Overview 1856-1867 -- Bracing for the Worst -- The Culmination of the Great Hunger Years -- Conclusion -- References -- Bibliography -- Snellman's Correspondence -- UK National Archives, London -- Official Reports -- Films -- Newspapers -- Printed Secondary Sources -- Chapter 7: Relief Works Schemes -- Relief Work in Finland -- Road and smaller-scale local initiatives -- Canal Work -- Railway Work -- Conclusion -- References -- Bibliography -- Finnish Literature Society Archives, Helsinki -- Finnish National Archives, Helsinki -- Kuopio Museum -- UK National Archives, London -- Snellman's Correspondence -- Official Reports -- Newspapers -- Printed Secondary Sources -- Chapter 8: Seeking Refuge Outside of Finland -- Migration to Russia and the Russian Empire -- Migration to Scandinavia -- Migration to North America -- Conclusion -- References -- Bibliography -- Finnish National Archives, Helsinki -- Official Reports -- Newspapers -- Printed Secondary Sources -- Chapter 9: Conclusion -- Contemporary Notions of Culpability -- Counter-Hegemonic Narratives -- Hard Times: The Work of Lost Generations -- References -- Bibliography.

Snellman's Correspondence -- Newspapers -- Websites -- Printed Secondary Sources -- Bibliography -- Manuscript and Archival Sources -- National Board of Antiquities, Helsinki -- National Archives of Finland, Helsinki -- National Library of Finland, Helsinki -- Finnish Literature Society -- Hull History Centre -- Kuopio Museum -- UK National Archives, London -- Printed Sources -- Snellman's Correspondence -- Official Reports -- Films -- Websites -- Newspapers -- Other Printed and Secondary Sources -- Index.

This book will provide a thematic overview of one of European history's most devastating famines, the Great Finnish Famine of the 1860s.In 1868, the nadir of several years of worsening economic conditions, 137,000 people (approximately 8% of the Finnish population) perished as the result of hunger and disease.