Red Gas : Russia and the Origins of European Energy Dependence.

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Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Foreword -- 1 Introduction -- Russia's C ontested " E nergy W eapon" -- Soviet Natural Gas and the Hidden Integration of Europe -- Dependence in the Making: A Systems Perspective -- The Political Nature of the East-West Gas Trade -- Outline of the Book -- 2 Before Siberia: The Rise of the Soviet Natural Gas Industry -- Soviet Power and Natural Gas for the Whole Country -- The Cold War Duel -- Soviet System-Building: Interconnecting the Republics -- The Rise and Stagnation of the Pipe and Equipment Industry -- "A Big Surplus for Export"? -- 3 Toward an Export Strategy -- From Central Asia to Siberia -- Glavgaz and the West European Natural Gas Scene -- Considering Exports: Opportunities and Risks -- Seeking Cooperation with Italy and Austria -- The Export Strategy Takes Shape -- 4 Austria: The Pioneer -- The Austrian Fuel Complex: Nazi and Soviet Legacies -- From SMV to ÖMV -- Toward Imports: ÖMV versus Austria Ferngas -- Rudolf Lukesch's Vision -- The Six-Days War as a Disturbing Event -- Negotiating the Gas Price -- The Contract -- 5 Bavaria's Quest for Energy Independence -- Natural Gas and the Politics of Isolation -- Otto Schedl's Struggle against North German Coal -- Toward Gas Imports: Negotiating Algeria -- Soviet Gas for Bavaria? The Austrian Connection -- Manipulated Conditions -- Egon Bahr and the Steel Companies as Supporters -- Alexei Sorokin's Charm Offensive -- The Soviet Option Fades Away -- 6 From Contract to Flow: The Soviet-Austrian Experience -- Interconnecting Austria, Czechoslovakia, and the Soviet Union -- Importing Soviet Gas in Practice -- The Galician Challenge -- Ukraine as a Victim -- Scaling Up Exports -- The Unseen Crisis -- 7 Willy Brandt: Natural Gas as Ostpolitik -- Toward a New Eastern Policy -- What Role for Soviet Natural Gas?.

From Politics to Business: Negotiating Price and Volumes -- Finalizing the Contract -- Shell and Esso: Lobbying against Unwelcome Competition -- Seeking Coordination with Italy and France -- The Signifi cance of the Soviet-German Natural Gas Deal -- From European to American Imports of Soviet Natural Gas? -- 8 Constructing the Export Infrastructure -- Siberian Megalomania -- Arctic System-Building -- The Ukrainian Crisis and Kortunov's Death -- Desperation and Chaos -- 9 Trusting the Enemy: Importing Soviet Gas in Practice -- Enabling Transit through Czechoslovakia and Austria -- Doubts in Bavaria -- In Case of Emergency -- On the Verge of Breakdown -- Perceived Success -- 10 Scale Up or Phase Out? -- A Turbulent Energy Era -- Involving Iran -- Doubts in the Kremlin -- Envisaging the "Yamal" Pipeline -- Opposition from the United States -- The Compressor Embargo -- Europe's Contested Vulnerability -- 11 From Soviet to Russian Natural Gas -- Surging Dependence -- The Biggest Geopolitical Disaster of the Twentieth Century? -- Intentional Disruptions -- Managing Dependence -- The "Molotov-Ribbentrop" Pipeline -- 12 Conclusion -- Dependence in Retrospect: Four Phases -- Energy Weapons: Real and Imagined -- Understanding Europe's Enthusiasm -- A Gradual Learning Process -- The Evolution of a Transnational System -- The Soviet Union as a Victim -- A Long Duration -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.