TY  - BOOK
AU  - Poulsen,Astrid A.
TI  - Conflict in the Middle East: Israel, Hamas, Iran and Lebanon
T2  - Politics and Economics of the Middle East Series
SN  - 9798895302781
PY  - 2024///
CY  - New York
PB  - Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated
KW  - Fernzugriff
KW  - Electronic books
N1  - E-Book-ProQuest / Fernzugriff nach Registrierung möglich; Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Israel and Hamas October 2023 Conflict: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) (Updated)( -- Summary -- State of Play -- Main Parties and Other Key Actors -- Major U.S. Policy Statements and Actions -- What Are Some Important Questions That  Remain Unanswered? -- Report Methodology -- What is Hamas and Who Supports It? -- Overview -- Foreign Terrorist Organization Designation and Consequences -- Hamas's Relationship with Iran -- Hamas Attacks: Why and Why Now? -- What Is Palestine Islamic Jihad and Who Supports It? -- Is There Evidence That Hamas and Palestine Islamic Jihad Are Using Cryptocurrency to Finance Their Activities? -- How Did Hamas Achieve the Element of Surprise? -- Did Iran Play a Role in Planning, Directing, or Otherwise Enabling the Hamas Attacks? -- What is the Role of the Palestinian Authority in This Crisis? -- How Has Israel's Military Responded to the Attacks? -- Counterattacks in Gaza Via Air and Artillery Strikes -- Iron Dome -- Siege of Gaza -- "IDF's Call" For Evacuation from Northern Gaza -- What Role Do Humanitarian Considerations Have in  the Conflict? -- What International Humanitarian Law Responsibilities Do the Conflict Parties Have? -- What Is the Status of Hostages Taken from Israel? -- What is the Humanitarian Situation in Gaza? -- What Is Egypt's Role Regarding Humanitarian Developments in Gaza? -- What Are Other Relevant Humanitarian Considerations? -- U.S. Policy -- In Israel -- Is an Israeli Ground Invasion Likely, and What Are  the Probable Implications? -- Objectives and Operational Considerations -- Hamas Tunnel System -- Who or What Could Replace Hamas Control in Gaza? -- Could the Conflict Widen to Include Other Actors  Against Israel? -- Lebanese Hezbollah -- West Bank Militants -- Groups in Syria, Iraq, and Yemen -- Iran; How Have International Actors Responded? -- Arab States -- Iran -- China and Russia -- United Nations -- What Are the Considerations for Congress and U.S. Policy? -- What Are Some Consular, Diplomatic, and Security Issues Involving U.S. Citizens in Israel and Gaza? -- What Roles Might (or Might Not) the U.S. Military Play? -- How Has the Biden Administration Acted to Support Israel? -- Expedited Arms Deliveries -- What Support Does the United States Provide to the Palestinians? -- What Are Some Possible Options for Congress? -- Presidential Drawdown Authority -- Additional Foreign Military Financing for Israel -- Use of U.S. Stockpile in Israel -- Emergency Arms Sales -- Monitoring Conditions on the Use of U.S. Defense Articles -- Humanitarian Assistance -- Calls for a Cease-Fire and Respect for International Law -- Iran: Transfer of 6 Billion -- Sanctions or Aid Restrictions Related to Hamas and PIJ -- Efforts to Prevent Hamas and PIJ from Accessing  Cryptocurrency Resources -- Additional Oversight -- How Might the Conflict Affect Israel's Government  and Domestic Politics? -- What Are Key Long-Term Considerations for U.S.  Regional Priorities? -- Appendix A. What Were Prevailing Conditions (with Gaza, Jerusalem, West Bank, Israel, and Regional Diplomacy) Before the Attacks? -- Hamas-Controlled Gaza -- Israel-Controlled Jerusalem: Tensions and Symbolic Importance -- West Bank: Israeli-Palestinian Unrest and Violence -- Israel: Domestic Challenges and Turmoil -- Regional Diplomacy and the Abraham Accords -- Appendix B. Previous Major Israel-Hamas Conflicts -- Chapter 2 -- Israel and Hamas Conflict in Brief: Overview, U.S. Policy, and Options for Congress( -- Summary -- Overview -- Conflict and Humanitarian Situation: Key Points  and International Action -- U.S.-Israel Cooperation and Tensions -- Ongoing Conflict -- Cease-Fire Proposal and Talks; Gaza Transition Planning -- Issues for Congress -- U.S. Arms Sales to Israel -- U.S. Foreign Assistance to Israel -- Humanitarian Assistance to Gaza -- Chapter 3 -- Israel and Hamas: Possible International Criminal Court (ICC) Arrest Warrants( -- ICC Crimes Alleged by the Prosecutor -- ICC Procedural Issues and Next Steps -- Impact and Initial Reactions -- U.S. Response and Options for Congress -- Chapter 4 -- Foreign Country Actions to Place the Israel- Hamas Conflict before International Courts( -- ICC Investigation in the "State of Palestine" -- ICJ Genocide Convention Case -- U.S. Policy and Related Legislation -- Chapter 5 -- Escalation of the Israel-Iran Conflict( -- Overview -- Iran's Direct Attack on Israel -- Reactions and Subsequent Developments -- Issues for Congress -- Chapter 6 -- Assessing Recent U.S. Airstrikes in the Middle East under the War Powers Framework( -- The U.S. War Powers Framework -- Statutory Authorizations for the Use of Military Force (AUMFs) -- Independent Article II Authority for the Use of Force -- Independent Article II Power According to Congress -- Independent Article II Power According to the President -- The Administration's Asserted Legal Bases for  the Recent Airstrikes -- Iran-Backed Militia Targets in Iraq and Syria -- Houthi Targets in Yemen and the Red Sea -- Congressional Considerations -- Chapter 7 -- Israel, Iran, Hamas, and Lebanese Hezbollah: Various Strikes Amid Regional Turmoil( -- Issues for Congress -- U.S. Support for Israel and Other Partners -- Impact on U.S. Forces/Citizens -- Potential Israel-Hamas Cease-Fire and Gaza Transition -- Chapter 8 -- Iran-Supported Groups in the Middle East  and U.S. Policy( -- Iran's Foreign Policy -- Selected Iran-Backed Groups -- Lebanese Hezbollah -- Hamas -- The Houthis -- Iraqi Militias -- U.S. Policy -- Chapter 9; Hamas: Background, Current Status,  and U.S. Policy( -- Origins, Ideology, and Leadership -- Military Capabilities and External Support -- Political Ambition, Control of Gaza, and Popularity -- Armed Conflict with Israel -- U.S. Policy and Options for Congress -- Chapter 10 -- Terrorist Financing: Hamas and Cryptocurrency Fundraising( -- Role of Cryptocurrency Donations in Hamas  Fundraising Campaigns -- Origins -- Recent Developments -- U.S. Policy Framework for CFT and Cryptocurrency Regulation -- U.S. Regulatory and Sanctions Framework for CFT -- AML/CFT Regulations for Virtual Assets -- Congressional Outlook -- Chapter 11 -- Lebanese Hezbollah( -- Leadership, Structure, and Size -- Objectives and Operations -- Hezbollah in Lebanese Politics -- Areas of Military Operation -- Attacks and Threats to U.S. Interests -- Ongoing Conflict with Israel -- Legislation and Issues for Congress -- Chapter 12 -- Israel and Houthis in Yemen: Attacks Highlight Regional Conflict Risks( -- U.S. Policy vis-à-vis Yemen and the Houthis -- Issues for Congress -- Regional Conflict Risks: Impact on U.S. Forces/Citizens and U.S. Support for Israel -- Humanitarian Aid to Yemen -- U.S.-Israeli Counter Drone Cooperation -- The Houthis and Terrorism Designations -- Chapter 13 -- Houthi Attacks in the Red Sea:  Issues for Congress (Updated)( -- Attacks in the Red Sea -- U.S. Response -- Issues for Congress -- Index -- Blank Page
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