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Cover -- Halftitle page -- Also available from Bloomsbury -- Title page -- Copyright page -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- FIGURES -- CONTRIBUTORS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- FOREWORD -- INTRODUCTION -- Time in the Middle Eastern landscape -- Extraction, development and colonial 'modernity' -- Reading into unequal archives -- Colonization and decolonization of heritage -- Why does antiquity matter? -- Contents -- PART 1 TRAVELLERS AND TAKERS -- CHAPTER 1 HOUSING THE MAUSOLEUM: BRITISH TRAVELLERS AND EXCAVATION IN BODRUM, c. 1760-1870 -- The Mausoleum: A Wonder of the World -- Observing the walls -- Mapping and taking the walls -- Searching for the Mausoleum -- CHAPTER 2 AUSTEN HENRY LAYARD AND THE CADI'S LETTER: THE MULTIPLE PASTS AND FUTURES OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY MOSUL -- Portrait of Layard as a liar: Orientalism as forgery -- Tracing the Orientalist trope -- Reading diverging historicities between the lines -- CHAPTER 3 WHO OWNS THE PHOENICIAN PAST? GERMAN ORIENTALISM AND THE POLITICS OF TIME AND SPACE ACROSS THE MEDITERRANEAN -- Maltzan's travelogues -- Who owns the Phoenician past? -- Travel writing in an age of empire. Or: A German in the French colonies -- CHAPTER 4 NEAR EASTERN STUDIES IN GERMANY AND THE COMPLEX INVOLVEMENT OF GERMAN JEWS WITH 'THE ORIENT' -- 'Academic' antisemitism -- Reactions and adaptations of German Jewry -- The Central Association of German Citizens of the Jewish Faith attempt to excavate in Egypt -- PART 2 NATIONALISM AND INTERNATIONALISM -- CHAPTER 5 ANTIQUITIES FOR 'A' MANDATE: INTERNATIONALISM, THE EMERGENCE OF A REGIME OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND THERE ORGANIZATION OF THE MIDDLE EAST, c. 1918-1939 -- Internationalizing archaeology: Towards a new definition of antiquities and a standardization of excavations -- Hierarchy and trust: Internationalist discourse and the new regime of archaeology in Mandate A territories.

Archaeology as trusteeship: The Mandatory idiom of 'responsibility' -- Digging for modernity? Archaeology, development and expropriation -- CHAPTER 6 ANTIQUE NATIONALISM: ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE NATION IN EGYPT, LEBANON AND PALESTINE-ISRAEL -- Pharaonism -- Phoenicianism -- Zionism -- CHAPTER 7 WHO (OR WHAT) IS A 'PHOENICIAN'? THE COMPLEX HISTORY OF AN ANCIENT PEOPLE IN A MODERN SOCIETY -- Phoenicians and modern Lebanese historical narratives -- A historical summary of Lebanese Phoenicianism -- Conclusion: And what about the 'Phoenicians'? -- CHAPTER 8 BETWEEN ARCHAEOLOGY AND NATIONALISM: THE IRAN BASTAN'S APPROPRIATION OF THE IMPERIAL MUSEUM PARADIGM -- Archaeology in Iran -- A national, archaeological museum -- Western hegemony -- Nationalist reinterpretations -- The archaeological Islamic period -- Arranging ancient Iran -- Object selection and interpretation -- PART 3 VALUING ANTIQUITIES -- CHAPTER 9 THE TRADERS: ARCHAEOLOGY, FAMILY AND FORTUNE BETWEEN SAÏDA AND PARIS -- Regulating the archaeological trade -- The Durighellos of Saïda -- Joseph-Ange Durighello in France -- Discrediting the old trade -- CHAPTER 10 SUBJECTS OF DESTRUCTION: PRESERVATIONISM, EXTRACTIVISM AND CULTURAL PROPERTY IN EGYPT, 1882-1939 -- Britain's 'preservationist' agenda in Egypt -- British archaeology as extractive -- Codifying extraction: Legal and regulatory frameworks in Egypt -- Egyptian perspectives -- CHAPTER 11 WHO IS AN ARCHAEOLOGIST? DECONSTRUCTING ARCHAEOLOGY IN PALESTINE -- Defining expertise -- Legality and licensing of antiquities -- Archaeological workforce -- Financing excavations and local economy -- Archaeological knowledge -- PART 4 LIVING WITH ANTIQUITIES -- CHAPTER 12 EXCAVATING IRAQ'S PAST WITHIN THE PAGES OF LUGHAT AL-ʿARAB , 1911-1931 -- Archaeology on the pages of Lughat al-ʿArab -- The Lady of Babylon.

The al-Khasaki mihrab incident -- CHAPTER 13 DISMANTLING NABLUS: THE SAMARITANS, ORIENTALISM AND THE MANDATE DEPARTMENT OF ANTIQUITIES -- The Samaritans of Nablus -- Nabulsi Samaritans and the ancient past -- Experiencing the 1927 earthquake -- The Samaritan synagogue and scrolls -- Some conclusions -- CHAPTER 14 DESTRUCTING MIDDLE EASTERN AND NORTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL PRACTICES: AN INDIGENOUS EGYPTIAN COUNTER-NARRATIVE -- Positionality and privilege -- Terminologies -- The coloniality of MENA archaeological practices -- Settler colonialism: Are we complicit? -- From decolonizing to destructing -- Call to action-based empathy -- Relational accountability -- Community-sensitive ethics -- Community care -- Conclusion: Who is MENA archaeological research for? -- EPILOGUE -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX.

Offers a series of archaeological case studies that explore how the notion of the ancient Middle-Eastern past was established and contested in the 19th and early 20th centuries.