Historical disaster experiences : towards a comparative and transcultural history of disasters across Asia and Europe / Gerrit Jasper Schenk, editor

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Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Part I: State of Research, Concepts, and Methods -- Historical Disaster Experiences: First Steps Toward a Comparative and Transcultural History of Disasters Across Asia and Europ... -- Nature, Culture, and Disaster: Concepts, Research, and Questions -- A Short Conceptual History of ``Disaster á́nd ``Catastrophe -́́- ``Cultures of Disaster? Ŕ́esearch and Questions -- Historical Disaster Experiences: Genesis of the Volume -- Learning from Disaster? -- Hybridity of Historical Disasters: Nature, Society, and Power -- Transculturality of Historical Disasters: Governance and the Materialisation of Glocalisation -- ``Historical Disaster Experiences: Ś́tructure of the Book, Hypotheses, and Open Questions -- Living with Hazard: Disaster Subcultures, Disaster Cultures and Risk-Mitigating Strategies -- Cultures of Disaster -- Disaster Subcultures -- Disaster Cultures -- Risk-Mitigating Strategies -- Living with Hazard -- Part II: Materiality of Disasters: Natural Impact, Social Experience -- Several Natural Disasters in the Middle East (at the Beginning of the Eleventh Century) and Their Consequences -- Introduction -- Different Kinds of Natural Disaster -- Consequences and Action Taken -- Conclusion -- Fanā and Fasād: Perceptions and Concepts of Crises and Disasters in Fourteenth-Century Egypt -- Introduction -- Fasād -- Fanā -- Conclusion -- The Black Death and the Human Impact on the Environment -- The Day the Sun Turned Blue: A Volcanic Eruption in the Early 1460s and Its Possible Climatic Impact-A Natural Disaster Percei... -- 1466-70: Years Without Summer? -- Flooding -- The Quality of Wine -- Grain Harvest and Dearth -- Pestilence -- Effects on Politics, Culture, and War -- Pitfalls and Complications -- Doubting the Volcanic Eruption -- Blue Sun and Black Rice in 1465: Global Events? -- Conclusion.

Cultural Implications of Natural Disasters: Historical Reports of the Volcano Eruption of July, 1256 CE -- Introduction -- Sources -- Abu Shāmaś Account -- Other Accounts of the Volcanic Eruption -- More Modern Historians Reflecting on the Events -- Conclusion -- When Europe Was Burning: The Multi-season Mega-drought of 1540 and Arsonist Paranoia -- The Blaze of Einbeck -- The Search for Culprits -- The Spark of Sundsvall -- Europeś Largest Natural Disaster -- An Underestimated Record-breaking Event -- The Meteorological Drought -- The Hydrological Drought -- Year-long Heat -- An Evidence-based Worst-case Scenario -- Conclusion: Scapegoats of Climatic Extremes -- Part III: Heaven and Earth: Searching for Reasons -- ``Assur Will Suffer: Ṕ́redicting Disaster in Ancient Egypt -- Text Samples -- A) Papyrus Cairo 31222: -- B) From Papyrus Vienna D 6278+ -- C) From Papyrus BM 10651 (Unpublished) -- D) Papyrus BM 10660 (Unpublished) -- E) Papyrus BM 10661 (Unpublished) -- ``Natural D́́isasters in the Arabic Astro-meteorological Malama Handbooks -- Introduction to the Malama Handbooks -- Development of the Malama Genres -- Popularity of the Astro-meteorological Malama -- Ibn Zunbulś Malama: Structure and Content -- Conclusion -- Tracing the Will of the Stars: Indian Astrology and Divination About Natural Disasters and Threats -- Explaining the 1934 Bihar-Nepal Earthquake: The Role of Science, Astrology, and ``Rumours -́́- Official Scientific Explanations: Possible Causes -- Astrology and the Art of Prediction -- Astrological Predictions as Rumours -- Conclusion -- Part IV: Urban Experience: Earthquakes and Fires -- The 1173/1759 Earthquake in Damascus and the Continuation of Architectural Tradition -- Introduction -- The Seismological Facts -- Geophysical Data -- The Historical Sources -- The Anonymous Earthquake Report -- Court Registers.

The Relation Between Natural Disaster and Collapse of Political Systems and Social Order -- Handling the Situation: Restoration and Reconstruction after 1173 AH/1759CE -- Innovation vs Tradition in Reconstructing Damaged Buildings -- Conclusion -- Living with Disaster: Aleppo and the Earthquake of 1822 -- Conclusion -- ``The Great Fire in Cairo in 1321: Í́nteractions Between Nature and Society -- Immediate Measures Taken During the Fires -- Human Interpretations of the Fires -- Perceiving Urban Fire Regimes in Europe and China (1830 to 1870): British Fire Insurance Businesses and the Sudden Challenge o... -- British Insurance and the Industrial Revolution -- ``Premodern Risks í́n Germany: The Sun in Hamburg and Beyond -- Chinese or European Risks? The Sun Facing Global Challenges -- Conclusion -- Part V: Frequent Experience and Adaptations: Floods and Landscapes of Defence -- Economic Adaptation to Risky Environments in the Late Middle Ages: The Case of the Accrues of the Doubs in Chaussin (Jura, Fra... -- The Construction of a New Territorial Norm at the End of the Fourteenth Century: the Accrues -- The System of Fluvial Risk Management in Chaussin from 1370 to the Late Fifteenth Century -- The Losses: The Ravaged Lands -- The Cultivation of the Accrues -- Conclusion-Different Kinds of Environmental Risk Adaptation Systems: The Short-term and Long-term Perception of a Disastrous E... -- Measuring ``Disaster:́́ The ``Everydayness ó́f Fluvial Landscapes and the Colonial State in Gangetic Diaras, 1790s-1880s -- Law and Custom -- Seasonality and Measurement -- Conclusion -- When the ``Deluge H́́appened: The Flood of 1929 in the Surma-Barak Valley of Colonial Assam -- Introduction -- Economic and Demographic Changes -- The First Wave of Continuous Flooding and Its Repercussions -- The Event -- Relief and Rescue Operations -- Constructing a ``Deluge.́́

Contentious Flood -- Enquiry Committee Formed -- An Assessment of the Committeeś Activities -- Conclusion -- Alpine Landscapes of Defence: On Modern-Vernacular Avalanche Protection Systems in the Swiss Alps -- A Hybrid History of Technology: From Reaction to Prevention -- Between Risk Judgement and Landscape Aesthetics: Towards a Cultural Sociology of Risk -- Different Cultures of Natural Hazard Management -- Alpine Landscapes of Defence: Perception and Mapping of Natural Hazards -- Closing Remarks: Climatic Change, Biodiversity, and the Preservation of Historical Cultural Landscapes -- Name Index -- Place Index -- Subject Index.