Shifting sands : the United States in the Middle East

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Intro -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Part I. Introduction -- 1. The Middle East in the Eye of the Global Storm -- 2. America's Place in the Middle East -- Part II. The Cold War and Its Aftermath -- 3. Failed Partnerships and Fragile Partners -- 4. Finding a Place in the Middle East: A New Partnership Develops out of Black September -- 5. The Strategic Partnership Faces Strains: The Yom Kippur War and the Changing Calculus of U.S. Foreign Policy -- 6. The Strategic Relationship Unravels: The End of the Cold War and the Gulf War of 1990-1991 -- Part III. A Transformed Region: The Rise and Fall of the Arab Middle East -- 7. A Changing Lineup of Regional Powerhouses -- 8. New Boys on the Block: Nonstate Actors -- 9. A Changing Islam and the Rise of the Islamic Republic of Iran -- Part IV. The United States and the New Middle East in the Twenty-First Century -- 10. The Bush Administration and the Arc of Instability -- 11. Obama: Engaging the Middle East on Multiple Fronts -- Part V. Conclusion: Looking Back and Looking Forward -- 12. Ups and Downs of an Everyday Player -- 13. Toward a New Strategic Partnership? -- Afterword -- Notes -- Works Cited -- Index.

Joel S. Migdal focuses on the approach U.S. officials adopted toward the Middle East after World War II, one that paid scant attention to tectonic shifts in the region. The United States did not restrict its strategic model to the Middle East—beginning with Harry S. Truman, American presidents applied a uniform strategy rooted in the country's Cold War experience in Europe to regions across the globe, designed to project America into nearly every corner of the world while limiting costs and overreach. The approach was simple: find a local power that could play Great Britain's role in Europe after the war, sharing the burden of exercising power, and establish a security alliance along the lines of NATO. Yet regional changes following the creation of Israel, the Free Officers Coup in Egypt, the rise of Arab nationalism from 1948 to 1952, and, later, the Iranian Revolution and the Egypt-Israel peace treaty in 1979 complicated this project. Migdal shows how insufficient attention to these key transformations led to a series of missteps and misconceptions in the twentieth century. With the Arab uprisings of 2009–2011 prompting another major shift, Migdal sees an opportunity for the United States to deploy a new, more workable strategy, and he concludes with a plan for gaining a stable foothold.