Trade Wars : Past and Present. / Nils Ole Oermann, Hans-Jürgen Wolff

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Cover -- Titlepage -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Introduction: 'War, trade, and piracy' -- 1 Competition, trade war, and its modern causes -- 2 'Sanctions', 'trade war', and 'economic warfare' -- Economic sanctions -- Trade war -- Economic warfare -- Armed conflict with an economic objective -- War against the enemy's economic potential in armed conflict -- War against an adversary's economic potential without armed conflict -- 3 Trade wars and economic warfare in history -- Overview 1500-1945 -- The case of Great Britain -- 4 Strangle a country to change its king's mind? -- Causes of war, war aims, and the conduct of war -- The ethics of sanctions -- Do we really know what we're doing? Assessing the consequences -- Growing complexity: Also in the ethical pros and cons -- 5 Trade wars, economic warfare, and the law -- The international law of armed conflict and economic warfare -- International law and interventions in trade and finance in conflicts short of armed force -- Criticism of WTO practice and reform debate -- 6 Are sanctions effective? Can trade wars be won? -- Trade theory and the plea for protective barriers -- 'Optimal' tariffs? Tariffs against unemployment? -- Compensation for free trade losers? -- Trade policy until 1945 -- The effectiveness of economic sanctions -- The winnability of trade wars-the case of President Trump -- Trade expectations and the causes of war -- 7 What characterizes economic warfare today? -- Demographic and technological leaps -- Revolutions in economics and finance -- On the way to a new political world order? -- Changes in the conduct of economic warfare -- Espionage, crime, and warfare short of armed conflict in cyberspace -- Economic signalling, aggression, and sanctions -- Sanctions within the international financial system -- Currency warfare -- 8 The Chinese challenge and the disunited West.

Washington confronts China, Europe struggles for a stance -- What is China striving for? -- China's military footprint is growing -- China's rapid economic expansion around the world -- China's financial influence is growing -- China's drive for knowledge-and for control -- 9 What is to be done? -- Comprehensive competition between systems -- Making the Western model shine again -- Economics and finance in line with foreign and security policy -- Western Europe, the EU, and the transatlantic partnership -- Reforming the international economic order and enforcing its rules -- China, Russia, and Iran -- No end in sight -- Endnotes -- References -- Index.

The book explores the causes and instruments of 500 years of armed and non-armed international trade conflicts. The authors draw on decades of experience to examine trade wars, economic sanctions, and different types of economic warfare, investigating their history, ethics, economic driving forces, and legality under current rules.