The communitarian nation-state paradox in Lebanon / Imad Salamey, editor

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Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 -- The Communitarian Nation -- Abstract -- Introduction: Communitarian Consociationalism -- Proponents and Opponents -- The Political Economy of Communitarianism -- The Taef Arrangement and Intermestic Politics -- Communal Self-Help and Informal Economy -- Communitarianism and the Double Movement -- Social Reform Debate -- Conclusion: Whether Reform is Attainable -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Pluralism in Contested Nationhood: The Lebanese Predicament -- Abstract -- Introduction: Diversity of Communal Identities -- Pluralism and Interests -- Lebanese Consociationalism -- Proposed Reforms -- Conclusion: Power Sharing Options -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Politics Makes for Strange Bedfellows: Exigency and Sectarian Politics in Lebanon -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Political Exigency and Instrumentalism -- Hezbollah and the FPM: A History -- The Free Patriotic Movement -- Hezbollah: The Party of God -- Major Landmarks in the Hezbollah/FPM Alliance -- Hezbollah's Involvement in the Syrian War -- The October 2019 Uprising -- The 2020 Beirut Port Explosion -- Conclusion: Future of the Relationship -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Politics of Co-Existence -- Abstract -- Introduction: The Power-Sharing Dilemma of State and Religion -- The Contemporary Nation State and the Management of Diversity -- Islamization, Secularization, and Power Sharing Options -- Conclusion: Power Sharing for a Plural Society -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 5 -- Electoral Systems in Divided Societies: The Case of Lebanon -- Abstract -- Introduction: Representation in a Divided Society -- Electoral Laws from the French Mandate Period until 1952 -- Electoral Laws between 1952 and 1960 -- Electoral Laws between 1960 and 1972 -- Electoral Laws between 1992 and 2000 -- The 2008 Electoral Law.

The 2017 Electoral Law -- Conclusion: Electoral Experiences and Pathways for Reform -- References -- Chapter 6 -- Lebanon's Double Movement and Pluralism -- Abstract -- Introduction: Does the Double Movement Foster or Undermine Pluralism? -- A Short Promenade through the Weekly Markets -- Market Role across History -- Market Embeddedness and Double Movement -- Conclusion: The Community and Local Market Alternative -- References -- Chapter 7 -- Lebanon's Political Economy of Informality: Elites, Citizens and the State Shape Money(s) during the Sovereign Debt Crisis -- Abstract -- Introduction: Informality in Volatility -- The Communal Origins of Lebanon's Economic Sins -- The Other Half of the Minotaur: Informality or Sectarian Practices -- Conclusion: Money Talks Policy Options -- References -- Chapter 8 -- October 17 Uprising and the Challenge of the Dialectics of Inclusion and Exclusion -- Abstract -- Introduction: The Emergence of the October Revolution -- Who is Calling for This Radical Change? -- Women -- Youth/Students -- People with Disabilities -- New Labor Movement -- Leftist Groups -- Impact -- Obstacles Facing the October Uprising -- Conclusion: Equality for All -- References -- Chapter 9 -- Protest Movements for Change: The October Revolution in Lebanon and the Resilient Political Establishment -- Abstract -- Introduction: Revolution in Disarray -- Producing 'Good Guys vs. Bad Guys' Discourse -- Opposition under Duress: Context, Structure, and Ideological Bearings -- Regime Resistance -- Conclusion: Pluralism in Protest vs. the Resilient Establishment -- References -- Chapter 10 -- Preserving the Media Sector Amid Political Polarization and Sectarian Fragmentation -- Abstract -- Introduction: The State of Freedom -- Media Consociationalism -- Political Context -- Political Ownership and Foreign Funding.

Free Speech Violations -- Lack of Media Objectivity -- Shattered Hopes Amid Violent Repression -- Economic, Social, and Health Situation -- The Experience of the Media Sector during the Diab Government and Reform Efforts -- Pandemic -- Beirut Blast -- Outdated Laws -- Access to Information Law -- From Information to Communication -- Identity Repositioning -- Freedom Status -- Prospects for Reforms -- Conclusion: Positioning Objectivity among Differences -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 11 -- An Empirical Study of Lebanese Attitudes towards Syrian Refugees: Perception and Inclusion -- Abstract -- Introduction: Refugees in a Divided Society -- Threat to National Security -- Threat to Economic Security -- Threat to Physical Security -- Examining Lebanese Attitude -- Theoretical Framework: Perception and Attitudes towards Displaced Populations and Foreigners -- Sampling and Instrument -- Discriminatory Attitudes towards Syrian Refugees: Social Distance -- Explanatory Variables: Perceptions -- Data Analysis: Perception Driving Discrimination -- Overview -- Explaining Social Distance toward Syrians -- Sectarian Perception Factor -- Conclusion: Perception of Refugees as a Looming Threat -- References -- Chapter 12 -- Human Security in a Divided Society -- Abstract -- Introduction: Human Security as an Inclusive Approach -- Human Security Conceptualized -- Human Security Operational Tools and Principles -- Human Security Milestones -- Human Security in a Fragmented Society: The Case of Lebanon -- Diversity -- Root Causes -- The Impact of the Threats and Challenges on Human Security in Lebanon -- Power-Sharing Practices -- Inclusiveness Amid Fragmentation -- Conclusion: For an Inclusive Community-Based Human Security -- References -- Chapter 13 -- Reconstructing the Communitarian State -- Abstract -- Introduction: Robust Communitarianism.

Alternative "Communities" for Change -- The Agony of Communitarianism in the Nation State -- Prospects for Reforming the Communitarian State -- Conclusion: Prospects for Reconstruction -- References -- About the Editor -- About the Contributors -- Index -- Blank Page.