Saturn and melancholy : studies in the history of natural philosophy, religion, and art / Raymond Klibansky, Erwin Panofsky, and Fritz Saxl ; edited by Philippe Despoix and Georges Leroux ; with a foreword by Bill Sherman

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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Part I The Notion of Melancholy and Its Historical Development -- Chapter I Melancholy in the Physiological Literature of the Ancients -- 1 The Doctrine of the Four Humours -- 2 The Notion of Melancholy as Revolutionised by the Peripatetics: Problem XXX, 1 -- 3 The Development of the Notion of Melancholy after the Peripatetics -- (a) Melancholy as an Illness -- i The Stoic View -- ii Asclepiades, Archigenes and Soranus -- iii Rufus of Ephesus -- (b) Melancholy in the System of the Four Temperaments -- Chapter II Melancholy in Medieval Medicine, Science and Philosophy -- 1 The Survival of the Aristotelian Notion of Melancholy in the Middle Ages -- 2 Melancholy as an Illness -- (a) Melancholy in Theology and Moral Philosophy -- (b) Melancholy in Scholastic Medicine -- i Early Arabic Medicine and its Translation to the West: Constantinus Africanus -- ii Attempts at Systematisation on the Basis of Humoral Pathology: Avicenna's Doctrine of the Four Form -- iii Attempts at Classification on a Psychological Basis: Averroes and Scholastic Medicine -- 3 Melancholy in the System of the Four Temperaments -- (a) The Galenic Tradition, particularly among the Arabians and Constantinus Africanus -- (b) The Revival of Humoral Characterology in Western Natural Philosophy during the First Half of the Twelfth Century -- (c) The Popular Doctrine of Temperaments in the Later Middle Ages, and its Effects -- Part II Saturn, Star of Melancholy -- Chapter I Saturn in the Literary Tradition -- 1 The Notion of Saturn in Arabic Astrology -- 2 Saturn in Ancient Literature -- (a) Kronos-Saturn as a Mythical Figure -- (b) Kronos-Saturn as a Planet -- i Kronos-Saturn in Ancient Astrophysics -- ii Kronos-Saturn in Ancient Astrology -- iii Kronos-Saturn in Neoplatonism -- 3 Saturn in Medieval Literature.

(a) Saturn in the Controversies of the Church Fathers -- (b) Saturn in Later Medieval Speculation -- i Saturn in Moral Theology -- ii Saturn in Medieval Mythography -- iii Saturn in Medieval Astrology: Astrological Elements adopted by Scholastic Natural Philosophy -- Chapter II Saturn in the Pictorial Tradition -- 1 Saturn in Ancient Art and the Survival of the Traditional Representation in Medieval Art -- 2 Text-illustration and Oriental Influence -- 3 The Picture of Saturn and his Children -- 4 Saturn in Mythographical Illustrations of the Late Middle Ages -- 5 Saturn in Humanism -- Part III "Poetic Melancholy" and "Melancholia Generosa" -- Chapter I Poetic Melancholy in post-Medieval Poetry -- 1 Melancholy as a Subjective Mood in Poetry -- 2 "Dame Merencolye" -- 3 Melancholy as Heightened Self-awareness -- Chapter II "Melancholia Generosa" -- The Glorification of Melancholy and Saturn in Florentine Neoplatonism and the Birth of the Modern Notion of Genius -- 1 The Intellectual Background of the New Doctrine -- 2 Marsilio Ficino -- Part IV Dürer -- Chapter I Melancholy in Conrad Celtes -- Dürer's Woodcut on the Title-page of Celtes's "Quattuor Libri Amorum" The Doctrine of Temperaments in Dürer's Writings -- Chapter II The Engraving "Melencolia I" -- 1 The Historical Background of "Melencolia I" -- (a) Traditional Motifs -- i The Purse and the Keys -- ii The Motif of the Drooping Head -- iii The Clenched Fist and the Black Face -- (b) Traditional Images in the Composition of the Engraving -- i Illustrations of Disease -- ii Picture Cycles of the Four Temperaments. I: Descriptive Single Figures (the Four Temperaments and the Four Ages of Man) - II: Dramatic Groups: Temperaments and Vices -- iii Portraits of the Liberal Arts -- 2 The New Meaning of "Melencolia I" -- (a) The New Form of Expression -- (b) The New Notional Content.

i Symbols of Saturn or Melancholy -- ii Geometrical Symbols -- iii Symbols of Saturn or of Melancholy combined with Geometrical Symbols: in Relation to Mythology and Astrology-in Relation to Epistemology and Psychology -- iv Art and Practice -- (c) The Significance of "Melencolia I" -- (d) The "Four Apostles" -- Chapter III The Artistic Legacy of "Melencolia I" -- 1 Portraits of Melancholy as a Single Female Figure in the Manner of Dürer -- 2 Typical Portraits of Melancholy in Late Medieval Almanacs -- 3 Melancholy in Portraits of Saturn or of his Children -- Appendices -- I The Polyhedron in "Melencolia I" -- II The Meaning of the Engraving B70 -- III Lucas Cranach's Depictions of Melancholy (1990) -- Additions to the Notes from the 1990 German Edition, with Supplemental Translations of Quotations -- Supplemental Bibliography for the German Edition (1990) -- Addendum on the Text History of [Ps-] Aristotle, Problem XXX, 1 -- Afterword: The Long and Complex History of a Warburgian Publication Project -- Index of Manuscripts -- Index (1964) -- Illustrations.

An augmented edition of the famed Warburgian interdisciplinary study on saturnine melancholy. Edited by Philippe Despoix and Georges Leroux, with a preface by Bill Sherman.