Elite theory and the 2003 Iraq occupation by the United States : how US corporate elites created Iraq's political system / Bamo Nouri

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Cover -- Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Figures -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Questioning the US Self-Concept - Substance Versus Image -- Elite Theory and the Examination of US Decision-Making in Iraq -- US Elites in Iraq -- Iraq's Elitist Political System as a Result of Self-Serving Corporate US Elites -- The Social Sources of US Power -- Accountability in Foreign Policy -- The Approaches - 'Power Structure Research' -- Combining Power Structure Studies With Studying Actual Decision-Making -- 'The Decisional Approach' -- Outlines -- Notes -- 1 Theories and Methods -- Imperialism -- The Role of Constructed Discourse On US Foreign Policy: 'Americanism' in the US Self-Concept and Ideology -- Definition of Imperialism for the Purpose of this Study -- US Democracy Promotion -- Elite Theory -- Rival Theories -- Importance of Elite Theory -- Definition of the 'Elite' -- Methods -- Self-serving Elites Or Genuine Democracy Promotion? -- Studying Power - the Concepts Relating to 'Power Structure Research' -- Membership Network Analysis and Content Analysis -- Approaches: Positional, Reputational and Decisional -- Importance of 'Power Structure Research' for Elite Theory -- Selection of Elites - Criteria -- Thirty-seven Bush Elite Decision-Makers -- Case Study Approach -- Methods in Structural Order -- Notes -- 2 Backgrounds, World-Views and Networks in the George W. Bush Elite -- Aims and Structure of the Chapter -- George W. Bush -- Karl Rove -- Condoleezza Rice -- Richard Bruce Cheney -- Paul Dundes Wolfowitz -- Lewis Paul Bremer III -- Early Analysis of the Selected Six -- Place of Birth and Social Backgrounds -- Ivy League Institutions and Education Backgrounds -- Think-tanks -- The Corporate Ties -- Previous Political Positions.

Networks Between Decision-Makers Prior to the Bush Administration -- Neoconservative Network -- PNAC 'Statement of Principles' -- World-views of the Bush Elite's 37 Decision-Makers -- Faith, Christianity and American Christianity -- Faith in God -- Divine America and American Christianity -- Orientalism -- Significance of Oriental Discourse in Intervention -- The Impact of Othering On the Mindset of the Selected Elites -- The Presence of Othering and Framing -- Origins of Orientalism in the Bush Administration -- Orientalism Is Fundamental - It Justifies the Unjustifiable in Terms of Force -- Manifest Destiny - the US Duty to Spread Freedom -- Defining Freedom -- Democracy Promotion in the Middle East -- US Primacy/pre-Eminence and Calls for a Strong Military -- Calls for Change of Policy Towards Iraq -- Conclusion -- Expectations -- Notes -- 3 US Elite Decision-Making in the Creation of Iraq's 2005 Constitution -- The Role of International Law as Per the UNSCR -- Iraq's Historical Division and Polity at the Time of the Invasion -- The Planning for Post-War Iraq By US Elites -- Jay Garner and the ORHA -- Elite Disagreement and the Introduction of Paul Bremer -- The Introduction of the Iraqi Elites -- The Interim Governing Council -- US Elites Prefer 'Selection' as Opposed to 'Election' -- Grand Ayatollah Sistani Demands Representation -- US Elite Disagreement and Recourse After Sistani's Fatwa -- The November 15 Agreement -- Sistani Intervenes Again -- The Root of Iraq's Post-2003 Division - the Making of the TAL -- The Beginning of Division Between Iraqi Elites -- Conclusion of the TAL -- Permanent Constitution -- US Elites Put Pressure On Iraqi Elites to Meet the Deadline -- US-backed Pre-2003 War Iraqi Elites Finalise Iraq's Constitution -- The Role of the UN -- The Role of US Elites in Iraq's Constitution Making.

Unauthorised Procedures By the TNA - an Illegal Process? -- Referendum to Ratify the Constitution -- Controversial Constitution Clauses: Contradiction and Division -- Division Through Sect and Ethnicity -- Islam Within the Constitution -- Regional Federalism -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 4 US Elite Decision-Making in the Privatisation of Iraq -- Legal Obligations as Per International Law -- Origins of Bremer's Orders and the Unity Among US Elites -- CPA Order Number 1: De-Ba'athification of Iraqi Society (May 16, 2003) -- Implications of the Order -- CPA Order Number 2: Dissolution of Entities (May 23, 2003) -- CPA Orders 1 and 2: Legality and Compliance With International Law -- CPA Order 12: Trade Liberalization Policy (June 8, 2003) -- CPA Order Number 39: Foreign Investment (December 20, 2003) -- CPA Order 46: Amendment of CPA Order 39 On Foreign Investment (December 20, 2003) -- Orders 39 and 46: Legality and Compliance With the Stipulated International Law -- CPA Order Number 17: Status of The Coalition Provision Authority, MNF-Iraq, Certain Missions and Personnel in Iraq ... -- Order 17: Legality and Compliance With International Law -- The Beneficiaries of the CPA Orders and the Impact They Had On Iraqi Society. -- US Mindsets Upon Arrival -- 'Shock Therapy' in the Bombing Campaign -- Looting and Destruction -- Destruction for Privatisation and Rebuilding Through Republican Loyalists -- Before the Contracts Were Awarded -- Concerns of Privatisation Internally in Iraq -- Bremer Was Fully Aware of the Repercussions -- The Awarding of Contracts to Rebuild Iraq: the Beneficiaries -- Auditing the Awarding of Contracts: Iraq's Pillaged Resources -- The Epitome of US Privatisation in Iraq: Custer Battles -- No Accountability for Contractors Who Caused Death and Destruction Through Illegal Weapons -- CPA Corruption.

Legacy of US Elite Decision-Making On the Iraqi People - Contracts Unfulfilled -- The Origins of Al-Qaeda and Iranian Influence in Post-Saddam Iraq -- No Longer a Hidden Agenda - the Insurgency That Left US Elites in Regret -- Shock Therapy in Torture -- The Failure of Creating a Functioning Free Market -- Trying to Do What They Should Have Done at the Beginning -- Conclusion -- Constitution Making as a Distraction Attempt -- US Elites and Co. Who Were Direct Financial Beneficiaries of the Iraq War -- The Previously Unexplored Consequence of US Power -- Notes -- 5 The Legacy of US Democracy Promotion in Iraq - Iraq's Elitist Political System -- Elite Theory and the Iraqi Elites That the US Supported Before the War -- Iraq's Elitist Political System: Government Formation, Patronage Politics and the Subversion of Democracy, From 2005 to 2020 -- Government Formation Based On Ministerial Fiefdoms -- The Post-Constitution Precedent -- The Abuse of De-Ba'athification -- Maliki's Dictatorship -- Manipulation of the Judiciary -- Subverting the Integrity Commission: Judges Dismissed Or Forced to Resign -- Lack of Government Oversight and the Domination of Corruption -- The Emergence of ISIS -- Continued Division, Corruption and Protest -- The Kurdistan Region of Iraq -- Partisan Institutions -- Job Security for Votes -- KRI's Democracy in Practice -- Continuities of KRI's Elite Rule Amid Changing Dynamics From 2011 to 2020 -- Civil Salary Crisis -- The Recurring Themes From 2011 to 2020 -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Conclusion -- The Previously Unexplored Consequence of US Power -- Implications for US Power in the Middle East -- US Reputation -- Iran's Dominance in Iraq -- China and the BRI -- How Iraq Can Overcome Its Challenges: Reverse-Engineering, Re-Writing Its Constitution, New Intellectual Paradigms.

New Intellectual Paradigms and the Diversification of Iraq's Economy -- Notes -- Index.