The Last Muslim Conquest : The Ottoman Empire and Its Wars in Europe.

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Cover -- Contents -- Note on Conventions -- Prologue -- Part I. Emergence -- 1. The Early Ottomans -- Turks and the Byzantine World -- Holy Warriors and Marcher Lords -- Historical Contingency and Accidents -- Material Rewards and Religious Legitimation -- Balkan Geopolitics -- The Crusade of Nikopol -- 2. Defeat and Recovery -- Timur and the Defeat at Ankara -- Pillars of Power: Timars and Sancaks -- Pillars of Power: The Child Levy and the Standing Army -- Strategies of Conquest -- Halting the Ottoman Advance: King Sigismund's Buffer States -- Danubian Border Defense -- The Habsburg-Jagiellonian Rivalry -- Europe's Last Offensive Crusade: Varna 1444 -- Bows, Firearms, and Military Acculturation -- 3. Constantinople -- The Conquest of Constantinople -- Claiming Universal Sovereignty -- A New Imperial Capital -- A New Cadre of Viziers -- Controlling the Military -- A New Palace and the Imperial Council -- Ottoman Constantinople and Europe -- 4. Conquests -- Belgrade 1456: European Crusade-Ottoman Defeat -- Manipulating Internal Strife: From the Morea to the Crimea -- Ottoman Threat and Dynastic Rivalry in Central Europe -- Challenge from the East: Akkoyunlus and Safavids -- The Conquest of the Mamluk Sultanate -- Missed Opportunity: The Indian Ocean -- European Reactions and Ottoman Naval Preparations -- Changing Balance of Power along the Danube -- Part II. Cash of Empires -- 5. Süleyman in Hungary -- Süleyman and the Collapse of the Danubian Defense -- Mohács: 1526 -- The "Greatest Victory"? -- Contested Accessions -- Damage Control -- 6. Imperial Rivalries -- Ottoman-Habsburg Rivalry -- Quest for Universal Kingship -- Realpolitik and the Partition of Hungary -- Ottoman-Safavid Struggle for Supremacy -- Trouble in Transylvania -- Death at Szigetvár -- 7. Overreach -- The Red Sea and the Indian Ocean -- Muscovy and the Ottomans.

Cyprus and the Battle of Lepanto -- After Lepanto -- Small Wars: The Bosnian-Croatian Frontier -- The Long War in Hungary -- Defeat and Consolidation: The Safavid Frontier -- Part III. Sinews of Empire -- 8. Resources and Military Power -- Mapping Empires, Frontiers, and Resources -- The Ottoman Army -- Ottoman Naval Power -- The Gunpowder Revolution and the Ottomans -- Habsburg Military Commitments and Border Defense -- 9. Military Transformations -- Habsburg Military Transformation -- Habsburg War Finance and the Estates -- Ottoman Army Growth -- The Metamorphosis of the Janissaries -- Provincial Forces and the Rise of the Kapu Halki -- Ottoman War Finance -- 10. Lawfare and Diplomacy -- Competing Titles and Claims of Sovereignty -- Instruments of Ottoman Lawfare: Truces and Peace Treaties -- From Short-Term Truce to Perpetual Peace -- Ad Hoc Embassies and Resident Ambassadors -- Language and Diplomacy -- 11. Embassies, Dragomans, and Intelligence -- European Embassies as Centers of Espionage in Constantinople -- Embassy Dragomans and Intelligence -- The Porte's Dragomans and Intelligence -- Agents of Many Masters -- Ottoman Intelligence Gathering -- Intelligence on the Frontiers -- Part IV. Frontiers and Wars of Exhaustion -- 12. Borders and Border Provinces -- Survey Books and Sovereignty -- Border Demarcations -- Geography and Border Defense -- Border Provinces and Administrative Strategies -- 13. Contested Bulwark of Islam -- Fortifications and Garrisons -- Guardians of the Frontier -- The Cost of Defense -- Condominium and the Geography of Sovereignty -- 14. Wars of Exhaustion -- War with Venice: Dalmatia and Crete -- Transylvania and Its Rebel Princes -- Disciplining Vassals and Stabilizing the Northern Frontier -- Habsburg-Ottoman Wars -- The Last Conquests: Candia and Kamieniec -- The Ottoman Siege of Vienna -- Wars against the Holy League.

Epilogue -- Acknowledgments -- Chronology -- Glossary of Terms -- Glossary of Place-Names -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

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