Science between Europe and Asia : historical studies on the transmission, adoption and adaptation of knowledge
Science between Europe and Asia : historical studies on the transmission, adoption and adaptation of knowledge
edited by
- 1st ed.
- Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2010. 2011.
- 1 online resource (278 pages)
- Boston studies in the philosophy of science ; v.275 .
- Boston studies in the philosophy of science .
E-Book-ProQuest / Fernzugriff nach Registrierung möglich
SCIENCE BETWEEN EUROPE AND ASIA -- BOSTON STUDIES IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Contributors -- Introduction -- Part 1: On Technologies -- Reflections on the Transmission and Transformation of Technologies: Agriculture, Printing and Gunpowder between East and West -- The Issue of Technology -- Agriculture in East and West -- The Primacy of Agriculture -- Agricultural Development and the Industrial Revolution in Britain -- The Size of Landholdings -- Machinery and Management -- Social Effects -- The Chinese Experience -- The Wet-Rice Environment -- The Primacy of Skill -- Social Effects -- The Case of Gunpowder -- The Chinese Invention -- Gunpowder and Social Change in East and West -- The Case of Printing -- The Invention of Printing in China -- Printing and Social Change in China -- Printing and Social Change in the West -- Technology and Culture -- The Ottoman Empire and the Technological Dialogue Between Europe and Asia: The Case of Military Technology and Know-How in the Gunpowder Age -- The Context for Technological Dialogue -- Gunpowder Technology and the Ottomans -- The Transfer of European Military Technology to the Ottomans via Military Treatises -- Foreign Experts and "Brain Gain'' -- The Ottomans' Role in the Diffusion of Gunpowder Technology in Asia -- Conclusion -- General Observations on the Ottoman Military Industry, 1774-1839: Problems of Organization and Standardization -- Standardization of the Caliber: The 1805 and the 1839 Regulations -- The 1805 Regulations for the Field Army, the Fortresses, and the Navy -- The 1839 Regulations Concerning the Field and Garrison Artillery -- The Mobility of the Reformed Field Artillery: Guns and Gun Carriages -- Possible Reasons for Failure -- Conclusion. Cultural Attitudes and Horse Technologies: A View on Chariots and Stirrups from the Eastern End of the Eurasian Continent -- The Appearance of the Horse-Drawn Chariot in China -- Ostentation, Ritual, and Society -- Symbolic Value and Practical Use -- Horse-Riding and Social Status After the Han Dynasty -- The Stirrup and Heavily Armoured Mounted Warriors -- The Silent Adoption of a New Riding Help -- Conclusion -- Part 2: On Maps, Astronomical Instruments, Clocks and Calendars -- Patchwork - The Norm of Mapmaking Practices for Western Asia in Catholic and Protestant Europe As Well As in Istanbul Between 1550 and 1750? -- Observations on Practices of Mapmaking Before Printing -- On Methods and Techniques Used for Creating Early Modern Maps in Venice and Istanbul -- Hajjı Khalıfa's and Abu Bakr's Adaptations of Mercator/Hondius'and Willem and Joan Blaeu's Maps -- Conclusion -- The Ottoman Ambassador's Curiosity Coffer: Eclipse Prediction with De La Hire's ``Machine'' Crafted by Bion of Paris -- Diplomats Pave the Way -- The Ottoman Ambassador Sets Eyes on the Eclipsarium -- Predicting Eclipses at a Glance: Ingenious Mechanisms Come to the Rescue -- An Ottoman Text Introducing De La Hire's Eclipse Calculator -- The Commissioner: An Ambassador Fond of Technical Novelties -- The Translator: A Bureaucrat Competent in Mathematics -- The Translation into Ottoman Turkish: ``On the Cycles of Conjunction and Opposition'' -- The Eclipse Calculator ``De La Hire - Bion'' -- The Translator's Evaluation of the Eclipse Calculator -- Concluding Remarks -- The Clockmaker Family Meyer and Their Watch Keeping the alla turca Time -- The ezânî or alla turca Time -- Alla turca Clock Mechanisms -- Johann Meyer's Manually Adjusted alla turca Watch -- Johann Meyer's Automatic alla turca Watch -- Astronomical Background of the alla turca Watch -- Conclusion. Appendix: The Clockmaker Family Meyer -- The Adoption and Adaptation of Mechanical Clocks in Japan -- The Introduction of Mechanical Clocks in China and Japan -- Adapting Clocks to the Seasonal Time System -- The Time Bell and the Use of Clocks in Edo Japan -- The Engineering Career of Hisashige Tanaka -- Conclusion -- Adoption and Resistance: Zhang Yongjing and Ancient Chinese Calendrical Methods -- Zhang Yongjing and Dingli Yuheng -- Against Western Methods: The Problem of Vision -- The Picture of the Cosmos -- The Invention of Ancient Methods -- Metaphysical Foundations of the Calendar: Li and Shu -- Conclusion -- Part 3: On Localizing, Appropriating and Translating New Knowledge -- Travelling Both Ways: The Adaptation of Disciplines, Scientific Textbooks and Institutions -- Institutionalization of Psychoanalysis -- Geology Textbooks in Tamil -- Technical Education in Nineteenth-Century India -- Conclusion -- Between Translation and Adaptation: Turkish Editions of Ganot's Traité -- Antranik Ginodotrcikyan: Translator of the Traité and Physics Teacher at the Imperial School of Medicine -- Turkish Editions of Ganot's Traité's: An Analysis of the Preface and Textual Content -- The First Edition of Idotlm-i Hikmet-i Tabiiye (IHT1, 1876) -- The Second Edition of Idotlm-i Hikmet-i Tabiiye (IHT2, 1886-1891) -- Conclusion -- Eclecticism and Appropriation of the New Scientific Methods by the Greek-Speaking Scholars in the Ottoman Empire -- Historiographical Remarks -- L'Éclectism -- On Defining Science -- Greek Eclecticism? -- Part 4: On Medicine and Medical Practices -- Conveying Chinese Medicine to Seventeenth-Century Europe -- Early Jesuit Interest in Chinese Medicine -- The Jesuits and the Dutch -- Conclusion -- Adoption and Adaption: A Study of Medical Ideas and Techniques in Colonial India -- Medicine in the Pre-colonial India. The Colonial Watershed -- How Electricity Energizes the Body: Electrotherapeutics and its Analogy of Life in the Japanese Medical Context -- Japan's Encounter with Electrotherapeutics -- Electrotherapeutics in the Market -- Between the Traditional and the Modern -- What is `Islamic' in Islamic Medicine? An Overview -- Formation of Islamic State -- Formation of Islamic shari`at -- Islam and Medicine in the Modern Period -- Conclusion -- Index.
9789048199686
1000-2000
Naturwissenschaften
Wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt
Internationale Politik
Kulturkontakt
Mitteleuropa
Asien
Diffusion of innovations. Science--History. Science--Philosophy. Medicine.
Fernzugriff
E-Book-ProQuest / Fernzugriff nach Registrierung möglich
SCIENCE BETWEEN EUROPE AND ASIA -- BOSTON STUDIES IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Contributors -- Introduction -- Part 1: On Technologies -- Reflections on the Transmission and Transformation of Technologies: Agriculture, Printing and Gunpowder between East and West -- The Issue of Technology -- Agriculture in East and West -- The Primacy of Agriculture -- Agricultural Development and the Industrial Revolution in Britain -- The Size of Landholdings -- Machinery and Management -- Social Effects -- The Chinese Experience -- The Wet-Rice Environment -- The Primacy of Skill -- Social Effects -- The Case of Gunpowder -- The Chinese Invention -- Gunpowder and Social Change in East and West -- The Case of Printing -- The Invention of Printing in China -- Printing and Social Change in China -- Printing and Social Change in the West -- Technology and Culture -- The Ottoman Empire and the Technological Dialogue Between Europe and Asia: The Case of Military Technology and Know-How in the Gunpowder Age -- The Context for Technological Dialogue -- Gunpowder Technology and the Ottomans -- The Transfer of European Military Technology to the Ottomans via Military Treatises -- Foreign Experts and "Brain Gain'' -- The Ottomans' Role in the Diffusion of Gunpowder Technology in Asia -- Conclusion -- General Observations on the Ottoman Military Industry, 1774-1839: Problems of Organization and Standardization -- Standardization of the Caliber: The 1805 and the 1839 Regulations -- The 1805 Regulations for the Field Army, the Fortresses, and the Navy -- The 1839 Regulations Concerning the Field and Garrison Artillery -- The Mobility of the Reformed Field Artillery: Guns and Gun Carriages -- Possible Reasons for Failure -- Conclusion. Cultural Attitudes and Horse Technologies: A View on Chariots and Stirrups from the Eastern End of the Eurasian Continent -- The Appearance of the Horse-Drawn Chariot in China -- Ostentation, Ritual, and Society -- Symbolic Value and Practical Use -- Horse-Riding and Social Status After the Han Dynasty -- The Stirrup and Heavily Armoured Mounted Warriors -- The Silent Adoption of a New Riding Help -- Conclusion -- Part 2: On Maps, Astronomical Instruments, Clocks and Calendars -- Patchwork - The Norm of Mapmaking Practices for Western Asia in Catholic and Protestant Europe As Well As in Istanbul Between 1550 and 1750? -- Observations on Practices of Mapmaking Before Printing -- On Methods and Techniques Used for Creating Early Modern Maps in Venice and Istanbul -- Hajjı Khalıfa's and Abu Bakr's Adaptations of Mercator/Hondius'and Willem and Joan Blaeu's Maps -- Conclusion -- The Ottoman Ambassador's Curiosity Coffer: Eclipse Prediction with De La Hire's ``Machine'' Crafted by Bion of Paris -- Diplomats Pave the Way -- The Ottoman Ambassador Sets Eyes on the Eclipsarium -- Predicting Eclipses at a Glance: Ingenious Mechanisms Come to the Rescue -- An Ottoman Text Introducing De La Hire's Eclipse Calculator -- The Commissioner: An Ambassador Fond of Technical Novelties -- The Translator: A Bureaucrat Competent in Mathematics -- The Translation into Ottoman Turkish: ``On the Cycles of Conjunction and Opposition'' -- The Eclipse Calculator ``De La Hire - Bion'' -- The Translator's Evaluation of the Eclipse Calculator -- Concluding Remarks -- The Clockmaker Family Meyer and Their Watch Keeping the alla turca Time -- The ezânî or alla turca Time -- Alla turca Clock Mechanisms -- Johann Meyer's Manually Adjusted alla turca Watch -- Johann Meyer's Automatic alla turca Watch -- Astronomical Background of the alla turca Watch -- Conclusion. Appendix: The Clockmaker Family Meyer -- The Adoption and Adaptation of Mechanical Clocks in Japan -- The Introduction of Mechanical Clocks in China and Japan -- Adapting Clocks to the Seasonal Time System -- The Time Bell and the Use of Clocks in Edo Japan -- The Engineering Career of Hisashige Tanaka -- Conclusion -- Adoption and Resistance: Zhang Yongjing and Ancient Chinese Calendrical Methods -- Zhang Yongjing and Dingli Yuheng -- Against Western Methods: The Problem of Vision -- The Picture of the Cosmos -- The Invention of Ancient Methods -- Metaphysical Foundations of the Calendar: Li and Shu -- Conclusion -- Part 3: On Localizing, Appropriating and Translating New Knowledge -- Travelling Both Ways: The Adaptation of Disciplines, Scientific Textbooks and Institutions -- Institutionalization of Psychoanalysis -- Geology Textbooks in Tamil -- Technical Education in Nineteenth-Century India -- Conclusion -- Between Translation and Adaptation: Turkish Editions of Ganot's Traité -- Antranik Ginodotrcikyan: Translator of the Traité and Physics Teacher at the Imperial School of Medicine -- Turkish Editions of Ganot's Traité's: An Analysis of the Preface and Textual Content -- The First Edition of Idotlm-i Hikmet-i Tabiiye (IHT1, 1876) -- The Second Edition of Idotlm-i Hikmet-i Tabiiye (IHT2, 1886-1891) -- Conclusion -- Eclecticism and Appropriation of the New Scientific Methods by the Greek-Speaking Scholars in the Ottoman Empire -- Historiographical Remarks -- L'Éclectism -- On Defining Science -- Greek Eclecticism? -- Part 4: On Medicine and Medical Practices -- Conveying Chinese Medicine to Seventeenth-Century Europe -- Early Jesuit Interest in Chinese Medicine -- The Jesuits and the Dutch -- Conclusion -- Adoption and Adaption: A Study of Medical Ideas and Techniques in Colonial India -- Medicine in the Pre-colonial India. The Colonial Watershed -- How Electricity Energizes the Body: Electrotherapeutics and its Analogy of Life in the Japanese Medical Context -- Japan's Encounter with Electrotherapeutics -- Electrotherapeutics in the Market -- Between the Traditional and the Modern -- What is `Islamic' in Islamic Medicine? An Overview -- Formation of Islamic State -- Formation of Islamic shari`at -- Islam and Medicine in the Modern Period -- Conclusion -- Index.
9789048199686
1000-2000
Naturwissenschaften
Wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt
Internationale Politik
Kulturkontakt
Mitteleuropa
Asien
Diffusion of innovations. Science--History. Science--Philosophy. Medicine.
Fernzugriff