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Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Imprints page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- 1 Introducing Socialism and Secularism as Two Cultures -- The Culture of Secularism -- What was Red Secularism? -- The ''Gretchen Question'' of Social Democracy -- Historiographical Implications -- 2 Secularist Culture in an Industrializing City: Berlin around 1890 -- The Organizations of ''Pure'' Secularism -- Secularism and Popular Science -- The Division of Secularism -- Socialist Workers' Education Associations -- The Ethical Society -- Conclusion -- 3 Prometheans: Secularist Intellectuals on the Socialist Stage -- Theorizing the Socialist Intellectual -- The Revolt of the Young Ones -- Heretics on the Socialist Stage -- Conclusion -- 4 The Sociology and Psychology of Secularist Intellectuals: Dancing Near the Abyss -- Family and Confession -- Profession and Education -- Atheism and the Lunatic Fringe -- Conclusion -- 5 Workers and Worldview -- Two Materialisms: Natural-scientific and Historical -- Worker Education: How Secularist Was It? -- Workers' Culture in Leipzig -- Women and Secularism -- Conclusion -- 6 The Politics of Secularism 1905-1914 -- National Politics 1905-1908 -- The Church-leaving Movement in Berlin and Prussia until 1908 -- Religious Politics in Bavaria 1905-1909 -- National Politics 1909-1914 -- Church-Leaving in Berlin 1909-1914 -- Confessionless Moral Instruction in Bavaria 1910-1914 -- Conclusion -- 7 Secularists in War and Revolution 1914-1922 -- Secularists and the Outbreak of War -- Secularists in the Revolution -- Adolph Hoffmann as Co-Minister of Culture -- Ernst Däumig and the Revolutionary Council Movement -- Conclusion -- 8 Monism in the Weimar Workers' Culture Movement -- The Monist Generation of 1918 -- Culture and Revolution: Neo-Kantianism Versus monism.

Monism as ''Extended Marxism'': Paul and Maria Krische -- Monism, Socialism and Sex Reform: Magnus Hirschfeld -- Nudism, Gymnastics and Socialism: Adolf Koch -- Ritual and Theater: Max Zelck -- Education Reform: Fritz Gansberg and Kurt Löwenstein -- Conclusion -- 9 Culture War at the End of the Weimar Republic -- Proletarian Freethought in the Weimar Republic -- Party Politics, the Authoritarian State and Religion -- From Confessional to Political Mobilization -- Conclusion -- Epilogue -- Red Secularism after 1933 -- The Cold War and Divided Germany -- Three Ending Points -- Appendixes -- Appendix 1 Membership of Secularist Organizations in 1914 -- Appendix 2 Membership of Secularist Organizations in 1930 -- Appendix 3 Short Biographies of Socialist Secularists -- Appendix 4 Lectures at the Arbeiterbildungsverein Nord 1889-1891 -- Archives Used -- Index.

Exploring the culture and worldview of socialist secularism and its impact on German history, this book reveals the educational efforts of red secularists to transmit to workers their humanistic-materialistic worldview and their crucial role in the political struggles over religion which fed into the National Socialist dictatorship of 1933.